Dakunan da ba su da tagogi ba sa samun izinin "na halitta". Idan akwai wani abu, suna buƙatar injiniya mai ƙarfi: iska mai aminci a waje, hayaki mai inganci, alaƙar matsin lamba mai sarrafawa, hayaniya mai karɓuwa, da aikin makamashi wanda ba zai lalata kasafin kuɗi ba. Wannan jagorar ta bayyana hanyoyin da suka dace da lambar da kuma ayyukan aiki masu amfani ga ƙungiyoyin ayyuka da injiniya waɗanda ke da alhakin kawo iska zuwa wurare waɗanda ba su da komai.
Yaya nasarar take? Iskar waje da hayaki da suka dace da hanyar lambar da aka zaɓa, alaƙar matsin lamba da aka auna (misali, bandakuna ba su da alaƙa da yankunan da ke maƙwabtaka), tacewa da ke ɗaukar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, matakan sauti na NC/RC waɗanda ke tallafawa aiki, da kuma sarrafa abubuwan da ke daidaita zama a wurin. Bari mu yi bayani dalla-dalla.
1) Kafa tushen tushe: Abin da lambobin ke tsammani
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ASHRAE 62.1 (ba na zama ba) tana ba da Tsarin Saurin Iska (VRP), wanda ya haɗa da jumlar kowane mutum da jumlar kowane yanki don ƙayyade iskar waje (Vbz) da yankin numfashi. Ana sabunta ma'aunin akai-akai; duba tsari da bayanai na baya-bayan nan a cikin ƙarin bayani na 2023 da aka tattauna a cikin ASHRAE 62.1 ƙarin b da ab (2023) Bayani. Yi lissafin Vbz, yi amfani da ingantaccen iskar gas, kuma ka tabbatar ba tare da an karɓi ikon yankinka ba.
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A Turai, EN 16798-1 Hanyar 1 tana amfani da kwararar ruwa ta mutum da yanki tare da nau'ikan iska na cikin gida I-III. Ana amfani da Rukunin II galibi don wuraren da ba na zama ba; duba tsarin da tsoffin nau'ikan da aka ƙayyade a cikin Jagorar IEQ ta REHVA (2025)Koyaushe duba teburin hukuma don nau'in sararin da kake da shi.
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Shakar bayan gida/bandaki a yankuna da yawa tana bin Dokar Inji ta Duniya, wacce ke ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ƙimar shaye-shaye ta nau'in kayan aiki da sarari. Tabbatar da karɓar gida a cikin IMC 2024, Babi na 4 na Samun Iska da girma don kiyaye matsin lamba mara kyau ga wurare masu maƙwabtaka.
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Tacewa: Ga gine-ginen da ba na zama ba, tushen da aka fi sani shine MERV 13 ko ISO 16890 ePM1 ≥50% akan tsarin da ke sake zagayawa da iska, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi Kan Tacewa da Maganin Cuta ta ASHRAETabbatar da wurin da fanka ke tsayawa don rage matsin lamba da ke tattare da shi sannan a yi la'akari da matattara masu tsari.
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Hayaniya da Sauti: Tsarin da ba shi da hayaniya, wanda ya dace da amfani (misali, ofisoshi da ɗakunan taro galibi suna cikin kewayon NC 25-35). Hanyoyi da ayyukan ƙira an yi cikakken bayani a cikin Littafin Jagora na ASHRAE, Kula da Hayaniya da Girgiza (2024).
Nau'in sarari | Hanyar iska/shaye ta waje | Tushen tacewa | Manufar matsa lamba | Manhajar hayaniyar HVAC ta yau da kullun |
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Ofis na ciki / ɗakin taro mara tagogi | ASHRAE 62.1 VRP ko EN 16798 Hanya ta 1; ƙididdige mutum + yanki | MERV 13 ko ISO ePM1 ≥50% (duba fan DP) | Tsaka-tsaki zuwa ɗan tabbatacce idan aka kwatanta da hanyar haɗin | NC ~25–35 (taro) / NC ~30–35 (ofishi) |
Banɗaki/banɗaki mara tagogi | Mafi ƙarancin shaye-shaye ta hanyar amfani da IMC/ASHRAE; kiyaye ci gaba da rashin kyau | Ba a amfani da shaye-shaye ba; iskar kwalliya mai kyau tare da MERV 13+ a sama | Ba a yarda da wurare masu maƙwabtaka ba; an tabbatar da shi da DP/hayaki | NC ≤40 don iyakance canja wurin zuwa ɗakunan da ke kusa |
Kayan aiki/ɗakin uwar garken (ba a tsaftace shi ba) | Lambar OA ta minti daya idan babu kowa a ciki; daidaita tare da sanyaya ta musamman; ware hanyoyin dawowa | Daidaita tushen tsarin rabawa idan an raba iska da yankunan da aka mamaye | Tsaka-tsaki zuwa ɗan tabbatacce idan aka kwatanta da hanyar shiga; a guji ƙaura daga gurɓata | Daidaita tare da ƙa'idodi masu maƙwabtaka da iyakokin kayan aiki |
2) Juya buƙatun zuwa ƙira: Tsarin aiki mataki-mataki
Mataki na 1 - Ƙididdige nauyin kaya da lissafin kwararar ƙira
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Bayyana bayanin wurin zama da nauyin sarrafawa. Ga ofisoshi da ɗakunan taro, ƙayyade yawan mutane da jadawalin aiki na gaske. Yi amfani da ASHRAE 62.1 VRP ko EN 16798 Hanyar 1 don ƙididdige iskar waje ta mutum da yanki, sannan a yi amfani da ingancin iskar da ke aiki a waje. Idan kuna la'akari da iska mai sarrafa buƙata (DCV) a ɗakunan taro, zaɓi wuraren da aka saita CO2 daidai da jagorar ƙa'idar ku kuma tabbatar da sanya firikwensin da daidaitawa. Me yasa za ku yi tsammani lokacin da za ku iya ƙididdigewa?
Mataki na 2 - Zaɓi tsarin tsarin
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Ga yankunan ciki, Iska ta Waje da aka keɓe Tsarin (DOAS) da aka haɗa tare da na'urorin ƙarshe suna aiki da kyau. Yi la'akari da ERV/HRV don dawo da makamashi tsakanin shaye-shaye da wadata. Zaɓi na'urori masu ingantaccen aiki (jerin Eurovent/AHRI) kuma tabbatar da ingancin enthalpy a cikin ƙirar iska da matsin lamba. Samar da aƙalla tace MERV 13/ePM1 ≥50% a ƙasan dawo da makamashi; ayyuka da yawa suna amfani da matattara masu matakai biyu (misali, MERV 8 pre + MERV 13 na ƙarshe) don sarrafa hauhawar matsin lamba da tazara sabis.
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Albarkatun Cikin Gida: Don bincika takamaiman bayanai, duba shafukan samfuran airwoods don ERV da mafita na sarrafa iska mai tsabta, kamar Na'urar Rage Ƙarfin Makamashi Mai Sauke Na'urar Numfashi ta Eco-Flex kuma Famfon Zafi da Aka Sanya a Rufin Airwoods Mai Sanya Na'urar Rage Makamashi Mai Sauke Na'urar Numfashi 350CMHYi amfani da waɗannan a matsayin wuraren farawa don ESP, inganci, da ikon sarrafawa lokacin shirya tushen ƙira.
Mataki na 3 - Bututun iska da tashoshin da ke haɗa iska
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A cikin ɗakunan taro, a guji yin gajeren zango tsakanin wadata da dawowa. A sanya na'urorin watsawa don haɓaka haɗuwa a yankin da ake mamaye; tare da dabarun ƙaura, a tsara tun daga farko kuma a guji sake gyarawa. A ware iska daga waje daga bututun hayaki da tushen gurɓatawa. Zaɓi azuzuwan zubar bututu da ayyukan rufewa daidai da manufofin makamashi da aikin ku; a samar da damar tsaftacewa da maye gurbin matattara.
Mataki na 4 - Matsi da daidaitawa
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A ajiye bandakuna a wuraren da ke kusa da su; a ajiye ofisoshi kusa da tsaka-tsaki ko kuma a ɗan samu ɗan haske ga hanyoyin domin gurɓatawa su koma wurare masu tsabta. A samar da hanyoyin canja wuri (ƙasa da ƙofar ko kuma grilles ɗin canja wuri) daidai da dabarun kashe gobara/haya. A tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da bambancin matsi (Pa) da kuma sauƙin ganin hayaki yayin TAB. A yi tunanin matsin lamba a matsayin "sarrafa zirga-zirga" don iskar iskar ku—idan an toshe hanyoyin, kwararar ruwa ba za ta tafi inda kuke nufi ba.
Mataki na 5 — Sarrafawa da haɗin BMS
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Yi amfani da jadawalin lokaci da siginar zama don rage kwararar ruwa a lokacin da babu kowa a ciki. A shafa DCV a ɗakunan da ke da yawan canzawa; ƙara sarrafa danshi ga ayyukan ERV a yanayin zafi ko sanyi (wucewa ko sarrafa ƙafafu, hana sanyi). Muhimman abubuwan da ke faruwa: matsayin mai rage danshi a iska a waje, saurin fanka/dawowa, CO2, matsin lamba a sarari, da matsin lamba na daban na tacewa. Ƙararrawa kan yanayin da ba a iya kaiwa ba da kuma kurakuran firikwensin.
3) Gudanar da aiki, gwaji, da kuma ci gaba da tabbatarwa
A rungumi tsarin ASHRAE Standard 202 da Jagora 0 don buƙatun aikin mai shi (OPR), tushen ƙira (BOD), gwajin aiki, da takardu. Ba sai an yi aikin ba, amma dole ne ya kasance mai tsauri.
Jerin Ayyuka & Tabbatattun Tambayoyi
Tabbatar da kwararar iska ta waje, wadata, da kuma fitar da hayaki a tashoshin; yi lissafin yadda iska ke fitowa daga Vbz zuwa tsarin.
Tabbatar da cewa fitar da ...
Tabbatar da aikin jefa/haɗawa ko kuma cirewa daga diffuser; daidaita daidaito don kawar da gajeren kewaye.
Auna sararin CO2 a cikin ɗakunan da ke da yawan mutane da ke cikin kaya kuma a tabbatar da daidaiton wuraren DCV da firikwensin.
Duba shigarwar matattara da matsin lamba na asali; ƙararrawa na shirye-shirye a matakan DP masu dacewa.
Tabbatar da ƙa'idodin hayaniya (NC/RC) a cikin ɗakunan da suka dace; a shafa rage gudu ko keɓewa idan ba a cikin kewayon ba.
Gwada sarrafa sanyi na ERV da kuma jerin hanyoyin wucewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin kwaikwayo inda zai yiwu.
Tabbatarwa mai gudana
Sauye-sauye da bita na wata-wata: Kololuwar CO2, iskar da ke shawagi/ba ta shawagi ba, matattarar DP, da duk wani ƙararrawa na matsin lamba. Haɗa canjin matattarar zuwa hauhawar DP maimakon kalanda mai tsayayye inda ake amfani da shi. Sake tabbatar da kwararar ruwa bayan manyan canje-canjen hayaniya ko tsari.
4) Aikace-aikacen da aka yi bisa shari'a
Yi la'akari da rukunin ɗakin taro mara tagogi wanda DOAS ke yi wa hidima tare da dawo da makamashi da kuma wani shingen bayan gida na ciki daban. Hanya mai amfani ita ce a ƙayyade na'urar iska ta waje da ke tushen ERV wadda ke isar da Vbz da aka ƙididdige don zama a kololuwar wurin taro yayin da ake dawo da iskar da ta lalace ta hanyar shaye-shaye ko hanyar shaye-shaye ta musamman ta ERV. ERV yana rage nauyin dumama/sanyaya a kan iskar kayan shafa, yayin da bankin tacewa mai matakai biyu ke cimma MERV 13/ePM1 ≥50% ƙasa da tushen dawo da makamashi. DCV mai tushen zama yana rage kwararar ruwa tsakanin tarurruka; Yanayin BMS CO2 da matattarar DP don tabbatarwa akai-akai. Don tantance samfura da ambulan ESP/inganci, duba Airwoods's Zaɓuɓɓukan ERV na Kasuwanci.
A gefen bayan gida, ana auna na'urorin ɗaga hayaki na musamman gwargwadon yadda aka yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin IMC/ASHRAE a gida, an tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye matsin lamba mara kyau zuwa wurare da ke kusa, kuma ana sanya iskar kayan shafa ta hanyar hanyar DOAS don haka ƙamshi ba ya ƙaura. Sakamakon: iska mai dacewa da lambar iska da matsi tare da dawo da makamashi mai kyau da kuma aiki mai inganci.
5) Matsalolin da za a guje wa—da kuma yadda za a gyara su
Fitowar wari daga bayan gida zuwa ofisoshi yawanci yana faruwa ne daga ƙarancin hayaki, babu hanyar canja wurin iskar kayan shafa, ko gazawar sarrafa matsin lamba. Maganin abu ne mai sauƙi: tabbatar da fitar da hayaki ga kowane kayan aiki/nau'in kayan shafa, samar da hanyar iska mai tsabta daga wurare masu tsabta, da kuma tabbatar da matsin lamba mara kyau tare da ƙarar hayaki da Pa yayin TAB da kuma a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun.
Rage yawan haɗuwa a ɗakunan taro yana faruwa ne lokacin da jiragen samar da kayayyaki ke zubar da su kai tsaye zuwa ga dawowa ko kuma lokacin da masu watsawa ke zaune a kusurwoyi marasa tsayawa. Sake tsara tashoshi don haɓaka haɗuwa a yankin da aka mamaye, tabbatar da jefawa da kuma kunna wutar lantarki a lokacin da ƙirar ku ke gudana, da kuma amfani da CFD akan yanayin ƙasa mai rikitarwa ko wuraren taro masu haɗari.
Ba a cika la'akari da hauhawar matsin lamba a cikin zaɓin fan ba. Ba da fifiko ga DP na ƙarshen rayuwa, yanayin tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, da kuma tacewa a mataki don tsawaita tazara. Idan fanka suka hau kan lanƙwasa a farkon farawa, za ku ci gaba da bin diddigin matsaloli har tsawon rayuwar tsarin.
Na'urorin ERV masu sanyi na iya yin sanyi idan ba a saita dabarun narke ko wucewa ba. Tabbatar da sarrafa saurin ƙafa ko kuma kafin a dumama/wuce-wuce, sannan a gwada su a ƙarƙashin yanayin kwaikwayo. Ƙara ƙararrawa na kuskure don kada hanyar wucewa ta makale ta daɗe na ɗan lokaci.
Rufewa: Matakanku na gaba
Zaɓi hanyar bin ƙa'idodinka (ASHRAE 62.1 VRP ko EN 16798 Hanyar 1), gudanar da lambobin da suka dace da ainihin wurin da kake zama, sannan ka rubuta tushen ƙira.
Zaɓi maganin ERV/DOAS ko AHU tare da ingantaccen aiki da aƙalla MERV 13/ePM1 ≥50% na tacewa daga ƙasa; tabbatar da ɗakin fanka don tace DP.
Tsara hanyoyin sadarwa na bututun iska, tashoshi, da kuma hanyoyin matsi don guje wa ƙaura ta hanyar gajeren zango da wari; shirya don samun dama da rage gudu.
Kwamitin da ya shafi ƙa'idodin ASHRAE 202 da kuma tsarin ma'aunin da ke da mahimmanci.
Idan kuna son tallafin da aka shirya don takamaiman bayanai ko fakitin bayanai na samfura don ERV/DOAS a cikin wurare marasa tagogi, ƙungiyar injiniyanmu a airwoods za ta iya taimakawa wajen daidaita manufofin ƙira tare da kayan aiki da sarrafawa masu inganci.